I'm on 1.02 and play with all races set to random alignment and to the 2nd highest level of intelligence.
So:
1) Morale bonuses are versatile. They allow you to raise taxes or boost your population. Try a populist government.
2) +1 speed really makes a big difference in the early game, and you need to build fast to get colonies. 10% morale for 1 pt is a bargain. +1 sensors is subtle but helpful. The rest in economy, because your production will probably be limited by your money for much of the game. Population doesn't win; production does. (The bonuses to military, social and research production appears to have a bug; avoid these).
3) Restart if you don't like your starting position. You don't need to own the game from the beginning, but if you're stuck with Earth at 16 and nowhere else to go, you might as well restart. I like to see a 2nd system I can colonize immediately, such that Earth plus that 2nd planet have pq >= 35.
4) Buy one or two colony ships (on slow pay) fast, setting military spending to 0. Then set it to 100% and crank out colony ships and 3-4 scouts. When you're done colonizing, switch to constructors.
5) Somewhere during the colonization process, maybe after you've sent out 5-6 ships, bring research online. I like to get Diplomacy fast, to get the 20% economy boost from changing governments. I hold off on Trade because I have no room to build freighters yet. Then I go for more propulsion (because speed is always great) up to impulse drive. Then get +20 pop growth from medical, then enough industrial to begin building a manufacturing capital. When I begin industrial research, I begin to do social production as well, starting with entertainment net and banking centers, then the 2 planet quality improvements.
6) During industry, I start getting nervous about defense. My response is to increase my research rate, and then research up through Shields. I don't bother building any Defenders. Instead, I shift Constructor construction to BattleAxes ASAP.
7) Trading techs is critical. I'll trade for cash or other techs.
8) Did I mention that speed is killer? My fast ships grab colony worlds from slow AI ships. I can shift defense to where it is needed, or focus an attack, bypassing enemy screens. Those free starfighters you get are useless- -until you can dart past enemy units to slay transports and freighters and then dart back out of range. Your survey ship travelling at 3 is worth 1.5 ordinary survey ships. And your damaged ships can run away. Initiative wins.
Anyway,
KenK