I have seen a bunch of what I consider non-optimal choices, or at least choices different than I would have made. I also watch for when they take optimal choices before I get to the branch. This lets me research the second best specialty and then trade for the better one. That makes me feel clever. 
Stardock has spoken out against the concept that the AI behaves differently at different levels. They follow the paradigm that difficulty level adjustments should only be standard production/research/wealth/military bonuses. They have even taken out the FOW that had been implemented for higher difficulties. They seem to have a rather purist approach to AI. I appreciate that. If I were building an AI for this game, I would definitely be following the techniques you recommend, for both the lower levels and the upper levels. I would make the upper levels have more and more aggressive tendencies. It upsets the peaceful players such as myself, but if the nasty aliens aren't constantly pushing at you both economically and militarily, it is just not the same challenge. Also, it is still possible to have a mostly peaceful game.
I don't think I would dumb down the lower level AIs, but I would let various faction flavor parameters affect the choices to a greater degree. On upper levels, they would be laser focused on which choice was best. And there would be the inevitable discussion on the forums disagreeing with those laser focused decisions.
On the other hand, I think the specialization techs are better balanced than people give credit for. Different games can call for different things. This last game I had some serious cash flow issues, mostly due to my choices, but I needed a solution. I went for a few key lower-the-maintenance techs and it really helped. I traded for a couple others and it built up in effect. So some things are situational and subtle and some things that are obvious to one person are obviously different to another. There may be some tweaking and polish that can be done based on these discussions, but so far, it seems to be working okay. At least, it seems that way to me.