There appears to be something wrong with space battles all together.
Not only am I seeing the same behavior described here (different result on map from what happened in the battle), but also, when watching a battle, all of my ships can be firing on one enemy ship, while a completely different enemy ship is the one to take and show the damage. Also, a ship might reach 0 hit points, but last through the entire battle, continuing to participate, and it seems they may have an effect on the outcome of the battle.
I just witnessed a battle wherein I greatly outclassed the enemy (I had 3 large ships with full hit points to his one medium ship with around 3/4 hit points. My ships had beams and missile defense. His ship had missiles and armor. Therefore this should have been basically an insta-win as soon as I was in range. Instead, what happened was his ship went to 0 hit points after a few shots, and then he proceeded to slowly destroy all three of my ships, one by one, after grinding through their defenses.
1.3 opt-in