Actually, there is 1 way to consistently generate yield tiles:
If you settle in 1 direction such that your 'zone of control' extends 6 tiles away from your city origin, those tiles that are in your ZoC and are 6 tiles away will become 'settleable' (well, it deals with the fact that cities have to be settled 5 tiles away from each other), and your city's zone of control always revives the land.
With outposts, that seems to be completely random as you stated. I see that as an interesting random benefit.