"Is there any place where I can read about what the different options are for city upgrades as they develop?"
Yes there is. You have access to the 'Hiergamenon.' I am currently building a spreadsheet that contains the information you're asking about, and have used it extensively. Simply do the following...
1. Make a list of all your building upgrade options for your first city.
2. Then look up each one in the Hiergamenon.
3. In the upper-right corner of each item you will see the complete path for that upgrade.
For example, let's look at the Workshop upgrade, where you will see' in the upper-right corner, icons for...
+1 production for Workshop
+2 production for Mason
+3 production for Mill
+5 production for Labor Guild, and so on.
You can do this for things like Growth, Food, Gildar, Unrest, Research, Iron, Crystal, and Magic. And keep your eyes open during your games. You will often fine things out in the wild, like 'Prestige Resources,' that should be written down. And if you have the patience, you can spend a lot of time going through the Research Tree to get even more useful data for the information you're looking for.
Hope this helps.